Ficus Bonsai Tree:
Fig tree species are among the most popular choices for bonsai. Their popularity comes from traits such as fast growth, adaptability to indoor conditions, and high tolerance to overwatering. They develop a dense canopy with thick, glossy, evergreen leaves, making them visually appealing. A distinctive feature of figs is their tendency to produce aerial roots from both branches and the upper trunk.
In their natural environment, aerial roots that descend from branches eventually become strong enough to support the branch, providing both structural stability and nutritional benefit. Roots that emerge from the trunk often self-graft as they grow downward, causing the trunk to thicken quickly and develop a deeply fluted form. Bonsai artists take advantage of this unique growth habit when styling large specimen figs. Since most fig trees naturally produce "banyan-style" roots, this characteristic is often highlighted in dramatic air-root and root-over-rock bonsai designs.
Position: Where to Place a Ficus Bonsai
Ficus bonsai thrive in bright conditions but should be placed in good light protected from direct sunlight. Keep the temperature stable, as figs do not respond well to sudden changes. Thanks to their thick, waxy leaves, they tolerate low humidity and dry air. However, prolonged exposure to drought or very dry environments, or frequent relocation, may cause older leaves to yellow and drop. Rotate the tree once a week to ensure it receives even light on all sides.
Watering
Ficus are highly tolerant of occasional over- or under-watering. Daily misting is recommended to help maintain humidity. During the growing season, water generously; in winter, keep the soil just moist. On particularly hot days, bonsai kept in very shallow containers may need watering twice a day.
Pinching
Pinch out new growth once two true leaves have developed.
Pruning
Regular pruning is essential for maintaining shape. Trim back to 2–4 leaves after every 6–8 leaves have grown. Leaf pruning can also be carried out to reduce leaf size, as some ficus species naturally produce large leaves.
When to Prune:
Winter is the best time to prune, when sap flow is reduced. Keep in mind that figs “bleed” a milky latex sap whenever cut, regardless of season, but they recover well from even hard pruning.
Repotting
Repot every two years in spring using a standard soil mix. After root pruning, keep the pot warm to encourage rapid regeneration. Avoid watering immediately after repotting, as this can cause total leaf drop.
Propagation
Ficus bonsai are easily propagated from cuttings taken in summer.
Feeding
Apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. Reduce to half strength in winter. Feed twice monthly in summer and once every two months in winter, unless growth has completely stopped.
Caution
Ficus bark swells quickly during active growth, especially when well watered. This can cause training wire to cut into the bark, leaving scars. Check wiring frequently and remove it promptly if it begins to bite, reapplying as needed.
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